EM phenomena in the ELF range: EM fields of submerged dipoles and finite antennas

Abstract

The report is the first of a series of three that discusses various EM phenomena in the ELF range. The expressions for the various components of the EM field from submerged dipoles are presented. Although similar expressions can be found in the published literature, one of the purposes of this report is to present them together using the same notations and measuring units. Applications of the theories to special situations such as discontinuities, transients, and finite antennas are described and the accuracy of field expressions is determined. Some propagation experiments are briefly mentioned.